语篇具有十分多样化的，目前学术界上没有对语篇定义形成统一意见，但是针对语篇是符号语境的表述这个定论是不存在任何争议的；同时，语法句子又不完全影响语篇内容，语篇语言是一种表达性语言，它将信息准去无误的表达出来，语言又分两种，即书面语和口语。商务英语语篇具有比较个性化的特点，它不是一种新语言类型，而是一种比较常用的沟通语言，是商务人士经常使用到的交流工具。在实际工作中，商务人士为了实现商务目的，会有针对性的选择商务语言措辞，以提高沟通交流的有效性，保证语言内容具有策略性和技巧性，达到良好的沟通效果。同其他语言一样，商务英语语篇也有口语和书面语之分。在外贸合同英语中，为了保证合同条款规范、内容符合法律规定，有效维护合同双方的权益， 对合同英语表达提出了较高的要求。因此，针对商务英语语篇研究也能够有效促进商务英语教学水平的提升。
my deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to professor aaa , my supervisor, for her constant encouragement and guidance. she has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not have reached its present form.
second, i would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to professor aaa, who led me into the world of translation. i am also greatly indebted to the professors and teachers at the department of english: professor dddd, professor ssss, who have instructed and helped me a lot in the past two years.
last my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. i also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis.
商务英语口语主要是针对国际经济与贸易或者国际商务的学生设置的课程。要求学生能够用英语进行商务交流和谈判。商务英语口语课程的主要内容包括从机场接人到与外方交流及谈判的各个环节。商务英语口语教学呈现以下特点。
(一)实践性强。商务英语口语重视实际英语交流能力。商务英语的学习目标是使得学生能够流利用英语进行商务交流，而不是简单地熟背单词和句子。无论是机场接待外宾还是与外宾讨价还价，都要求学生能够用英语完成相应的任务。教学过程中强调实践性，要鼓励学生积极参与对话训练。
(二)双语教学。商务英语口语要求学生除了具备国贸的相关专业知识，还要能够熟练进行英语会话，教学过程中必然要求双语教学。学生原有的英语基础可能并不相同，口语表达能力也有差异，因此在双语教学过程中要注意不同学生的掌握和应用情况。
(三)情境教学。商务英语口语涉及的内容大多会涉及机场接人、预约会面、设宴招待、商品介绍、讨价还价、支付条款谈判和装运与保险等环节。每个环节都有相应的情境。不同的环境和情境必然对学生有不同的要求。学生大多一直在学校学习，对很多情境并不是特别熟悉，能否将学生很好地引导到特定的情境中去，也是外贸商务英语教学中的重要任务。
(四)素质要求高。商务英语口语的学习对学生的素质要求比较高。在实际的外贸交流过程中，学生要想顺利地完成相关交流过程，除了要具备良好的英语口语表达能力和扎实的专业知识，还要有灵敏的反应能力、得体的交际能力。学生要有礼貌、穿着得体，因为神态、语气、举止等等细节都会影响到商务交流和谈判的进程。因此，商务英语口语的课程学习要注意培养学生的综合素质。
商务英语专业人才的培养必须紧密联系国际贸易市场需求，目前我国商务英语专业人才远不能适应经济社会发展的要求，商务英语教学不容乐观。究其根本原因是商务英语专业人才培养与市场需求脱节。因此，如何提高商务英语专业的教学，有效性地培养市场所需的语言基础扎实，知识面宽广、实践能力强的商务英语应用型人才是目前我国高校亟待解决的问题。商务英语写作能力是国际贸易从业人员的核心能力，校企合作模式依据所面向的企业能力要求对学生进行定向式的设计，使培养的人才达到企业需求。高校根据地方对外贸易企业的发展需求，结合学校自身办学条件和商务英语专业的具体实际，不断探索和创新合作教育的模式和方法，调整商务英语写作教学模式，在实践中最大限度的提高商务英语写作教学效果，探索适应地方外贸企业和市场需求的商务英语专业人才培养模式。
根据系统功能语言学理论不难发现，语篇是语义的重要内容。语义要准确表达出来，只能结合特定的语境才能实现。在英语语言环境中，语篇功能主要有三种，即概念功能、人际功能和语篇功能。这里还是以外贸合同英语为例，来深入分析上述三种功能之间的关系。由于考虑篇幅限制， 这里只选取人际功能作为分析对象来进行深入探讨。
1、关于语篇功能的分析研究
语篇功能是指不同语句结合起来表达语义的能力。在语句结构合理的语篇中，能够有效发挥出概念功能和人机功能的作用。仔细分析英语外贸合同不难发现，影响语篇功能最重要的因素是语言组织功能，这种功能主要用于主谓结构的表述。通过研究和分析各种相关案例和素材可以得知，规范的英语外贸合同文本中，其语句都具有主位高度统一的特点， 虽然它们的结构都很简单，但是都具有很强的共性规律 ，例如句子this cont made by and between the e ran d th e seler 就是一个典型的简单主位， 这种语句在外贸英语合同中十分普遍，是使用频率较高的句式。
2、关于概念功能的.分析研究
所谓概念功能，是用来表述客观世界各种现象规律并对其进行科学解释的方式，这也是概念功能的主要特点。在概念功能中，经常要对各种客观对象进行具体描述，这些客观对象既有人和事物，也包含过程和时间等要素。同样选取外贸英语合同作为分析对象， 在这类合同文本中，概念功能主要表现出一种特殊的关系内容，有时候也可以理解为一种演变过程。在对过程的表述中，要有明确的过程主导者，也就是the buyer ， the seler，他们是过程发的起的主导者和推动者，除此之外，过程表达中还要将交易内容、规模、时间等要素包含在内，也就是description 与specification ，同时还要将具体品名、运输方式、付款流程等具体交易信息详细罗列出来。而关系过程主要是阐述交易货物的性质、规格和单价等，例如产品水浪quantity ，产品包装packing等。这些都要外贸合同中清晰的表述出来。而概念功能则主要从合同文本中的相关句子使用中得到体现。
3、关于人际功能的分析研究
人际功能主要由两个基本语言要素构成，它们是包含在同一个过程之中的。网络学习成绩是评价语言功能使用情况的重要环节。商务英语听说课课程作业题型主要有即兴演讲、情境模拟、故事描述、角色对白等。对于听说课而言，听为输人，说为输出。因此听力材料质量直接影响到听说课的教学效果。教师在教学过程中要灵活安排口语练习活动。要尽量发动全体学生参与到其中，并对他们的语法运用、合作交流、语言表达能力等方面进行全面点评，帮助他们认识到不足之处并加以改正。
Acknowledgements:
First and foremost, I would like to send my sincere gratitude to my supervisorProfessor Li Changbao. Without his devoted guidance during the whole course fromthe selection of the topic to the final manuscript and the efforts he has made to revisethe manuscript, this thesis would not be what it is now. Meanwhile, during the pasttwo and half years, he also provided me with valuable suggestions about study andlife which may benefit me in my whole life.
High tribute shall also be paid to all the teachers who have taught me during mygraduate study. Profound and intelligent, they endowed me with new insights towardsmy study. Among those teachers, I am really grateful to Mr. Teng Chao and Ms. ChenXianghong who are so gentle and considerate to share with me the importantmaterials I need when writing the thesis.
Finally, I am indebted to my parents and friends who have always supported meand encouraged me during the course of the thesis writing.
This thesis would not come into being if I had not received help from mysupervisor, teachers, classmates, and family. They offered me so much encouragement,without which I could have already given up. But before I express my sincerestgratitude to them, I would thank my God. It was always He who first came to help mewhen my faith was influenced by Blakes unorthodox theological thinking. Again itwas He who gave me wisdom and patience to do whatever I did for his glory.
“Whatever your hand finds to do, do it with all your might.” (NIV, Ecclesiastes 9:10)And here is the prayer when I was in the valley of despair: “May the favor of the Lordour God rest upon us; establish the work of our hands for us-yes, establish the workof our hands.” (Psalm 91:17) It is His faithfulness and unfailing love that urged me towrite the thesis with all my might.
My supervisor Xu Xiaodong did offer me so much help that I feel so grateful tohim. He has lent me over thirty valuable monographs, biographies, anthologies, andcollections of essays. Nearly all of the books were bought from abroad at his ownexpense. His fervent love for literature, his relentless pursuit of knowledge, and hismeticulous attitude towards research manifest the personalities and qualities I shouldcultivate as a qualified scholar. Whenever I sent him an article he always gave meprecious suggestions that really improved my critical thinking a lot. For many times Ifailed to keep my promise, he forgave me and kept encouraging me to pursue mystudies. I give my most genuinely gratitude to him for his generous help.
Besides my supervisor, I have benefited from many other teachers. Prof. ZhangRuwen, Prof. Yi Jianhong, Prof. Jiang Yuebin, Sun Jiurong and Wei Lina, they havetaught me many critical approaches and broadened the scope of my knowledge invarious fields of literature. Moreover, I would like to extend my gratitude to myclassmates and roommates. They taught me how to balance study and rest. I alsothank my family, especially my sister, who came to my school many times to visit me.
Her support and comfort gave me much strength.
Lastly my gratitude would be expressed to Charles Gardner, Paul Berger, HelenC. White, Maung Ba-han, S. Foster Damon, J. G. Davies. Even though some of themhave gone to the land where no traveler returns back, their results of years of researchwill be passed down to future generations. Without their researches, students ofWilliam Blake would fumble many more years in the mystical land of the mystic-poet.
William Ralph Inge, Miss Evelyn Underhill, Emily Herman, Joseph B. Collins,without whose systematic exploration of mysticism I would be totally at loss in thevast ocean of this particular human experience.
My sincere gratitude firstly goes to my supervisor Associate Professor Xu whohas been providing me enlightening suggestions, careful proofreading and during the whole process of my thesis writing. Without his infinitesupport and illuminating guidance, I would never have been able to finish this thesis.
Moreover, his serious scholarship and academic practices, his conscientious andacademic attitude towards teaching and above all, his agreeable personality, haveinfluenced me immensely during the past three years, which also will be a life-longwealth for me.
Appreciation also goes to other professors and teachers in the School of ForeignStudies, CUMT, who have helped me in my postgraduate studies and enlightened meduring the past three years.
Besides, I feel deeply indebted to my parents and friends, who have helped mesubstantially through the tough process of thesis writing. My special thanks go to mybest friends whose great help and support have accompanied me all the way in thelong and rewarding experience of writing this thesis.
