With a two years' study, I have learnt a lot about linguistics and the methodology ofresearch. I would like to express my sincere thanks.
First,I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor,Associate Professor ZhengGuofeng. In the beginning of writing this paper, he discussed with me about my topics and thestructure of my study patiently. During the writing, he gives me a great many suggestions. Inthe last phase, he helps me revise the paper attentively and encourages me all the time.
Without my supervisor's invaluable help,the present paper would never achieve this far.
Second, I would like to express my gratitude to the professors and teachers at theDepartment of English who led me into the field of linguistics.
Last my thanks would go to my family and my classmates for their loving considerationsand great confidence in me all through these years. I also owe my sincere gratitude to myfriends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me andhelping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis.
众所周知，二层交换技术是在OSI七层网络标准模型中的第二层，即数据链路层进行操作的，它按照所接收到数据包的目的物理地址即MAC地址来进行数据转发，对于网络层或者高层协议来说是透明的。它不处理网络层的IP地址，不处理高层协议，诸如TCP、UDP的端口地址。它只需要数据包的MAC地址，数据交换是靠硬件来实现的，其优点是交换速度快，缺点是广播域太大，而且不能处理不同IP子网之间的数据交换。这种网络结构扁平，没有层次化概念。
办公信息系统网络初期采用二层交换技术的网络架构，核心交换机采用二层交换技术，在原先只有100多台工作站的情况下，网络性能较理想。由于网络规模在不断扩大，如学生机房，办公电脑增加，办公区个人电脑的加入数量可能多大500多台时，网络性能明显下降，在业务高峰期网络整体速度缓慢，使用网管软件分析，发现网络中广播包所占比例很大，最高时达到60%左右。另外，对于这种网络，很容易发生诸如网卡故障等原因引起的网络广播风暴，而且一旦发生广播风暴，很难查找故障点，网络维护工作量很大。
I would like to take this opportunity to thank a number of people who haveoffered invaluable assistance in the preparation of the dissertation.
My deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to Professor Luo Ping, mysupervisor, who has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Hiscritical comments, constant encouragement and guidance have greatly enlightened menot only on the academic pursuit but also on the morals of being a man. Without hisconsistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not have reached its presentstage.
Secondly, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to all the professors andteachers whose insightful lectures have well prepared me for the completion of thethesis during my pursuit of the Master Degree ofArts at SISU.
I also greatly appreciate the assistance offered by the authors and scholarsmentioned in the bibliography, without whose works, the literature review of mythesis would not have been possible.
Last, I am deeply indebted to my beloved parents and friends, who alwayssupported me, willingly discussed with me, and offered valuable insights. Their helpand support have accompanied me through the difficult course of the thesis andmoments of my life.
摘要作为一种特殊的陈述性短文，书写的步骤也与普通类型的文章有所不同。摘要的写作时间通常在论文的完成之后，但也可以采用提早写的方式，然后再边写论文边修改摘要。首先，从摘要的四要素出发，通读论文全文，仔细将文中的重要内容一一列出，特别是每段的主题句和论文结尾的归纳总结，保留梗概与精华部分，提取用于编写摘要的关键信息。然后，看这些信息能否完全、准确的回答摘要的四要素所涉及的问题，并要求语句精炼。若不足以回答这些问题，则重新阅读论文，摘录相应的内容进行补充。最后，将这些零散信息，组成符合语法规则和逻辑规则的完整句子，再进一步组成通畅的短文，通读此短文，反复修改，达到摘要的要求。
ABSTRACT
With the development of the times, tourism industry is flourishing. There is avariety of guidebooks,whose translation, to a certain degree, influences the growth oflocal tourism. This translation report is based on the Chinese-English translation ofHangzhou Travel Guild (2013)。 The translator has translated a part of the book andthen finished the report in the hope of offering practical guidance for some departmentsrelevant with tourism and promoting the development of tourism.
During the translation practice, because of the big differences between Chineseand English culture and language, the translator came across the following difficulties:
(1) the translation of culture-loaded words; (2) the translation of long sentences. Underthe guidance of Skopos Theory, the translator considered that the translation of travelguide should focus on the target text readers and the translated version should be inaccordance with the writing features of the target text and cater to the target readers.
Combined with detailed examples, the translator put forward the followingstrategies: (1) addition,omission and compression; (2) integrating and splittingsentences. This report proposed the corresponding specific strategies, which can offersome referential value to the translators to translate the tourism texts.
I would like to take this opportunity to express my deep gratitude to my supervisor,professor Lu yun, who has offered me constructive guidance for the planning of the thesisand invaluable advice and encouragement for its completion and improvement. She is sucha devoted teacher that though busy in her teaching and research, she never hesitates to offerme timely and spiritual support. She spares no effort to read, comment on and polish mythesis.
Besides, I wish to extend my sincere gratitude to all the teachers in the School ofForeign Languages in Guangxi Teachers Education who have taught me and given meunselfish support during my three postgraduate years. It is my great honor to have knownall those respectable teachers.
Furthermore, I would like to thank my classmates, Mao xiang, Zhu Jingyan, Zou qin,etc. They have helped me and encouraged me a lot in my writing. Without them, mypostgraduate life will lose much happiness.
Finally, I feel indebted to my parents, for their understanding and love in life. I lovethem.
(1)论文摘要分为中文摘要和外文(一般为英文)摘要。摘要在篇幅方面的限定，不同的学校和机构有不同的要求，通常中文摘要不超过300字，英文摘要不超过250个实词，中英文摘要应一致。毕业论文摘要可适当增加篇幅。
(2)多向指导教师请教，并根据提供的意见及时修改，以期达到更高水平。
(4)叙述完整，突出逻辑性，短文结构要合理。
(6)摘要中不使用特殊字符，也不使用图表和化学结构式，以及由特殊字符组成的数学表达式，不列举例证。
This thesis would not have been possible without the support of the teacher orfriends around me. I would like to take this opportunity to extend my sincere gratitudeto the following people who have helped me during the thesis-writing.
I owe a deep debt of gratitude in the first stance to my supervisor. I benefit a lotfrom her guidance and valuable suggestions. Without her constant encouragement andinsightful guidance, I could not have finished this thesis. I feel deeply grateful andfortunate to be her student.
My heartfelt thanks also go to other teachers and professors for their conscientiousand illuminating suggestions given in Master-Degree proposal meeting.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my classmates and friends as well fortheir encouragements and supports during my preparation for this but not least,I want to thank my family for having provided me with a lovingenvironment and having given me unwavering support.
