系统功能语言学理论侧重于语言的实际应用，应用性是其最突出的特点。可以说，不能指导实践的理论是没有存在价值的，系统功能语言学最突出的价值就是实用性，这也是相关研究的主要目的。理论研究可以为语言教学指出正确的方向， 让语言教学始活动终体现理论思想。在发展过程中，研究者从不同的研究角度开展了深入分析，并汇集成了一门系统功能语言学理论。它主要有三个主要内容构成，它们分别是概念功能（idea functional）、人际功能（interpersonal function）、语篇功能（textlal function）。概念功能主要由三个因素构成，即及物性系统、语态和作格性；人际功能是指在交际活动中赋予不同的角色，使其用到不同语言功能，另外还有语气情态， 也就是modality；而语篇功能主要强调语篇结构合理性，例如主谓结构（the thematic structure）， 信息结构等。在系统功能语言学中，语言是一种沟通工具和符号体系，上述三种功能是相互联系不可随意分割开来的。此外， 上述三种功能具有对等的地位，没有主次先后之分，是语言要素的重要组成部分。
1．听说法在商务英语教学中的流程
听说法在商务英语教学中的有五个阶段，分别为：
(1)认识(rec0gniti0n)阶段：教师通过直观手段或上下文、情景等手段向学生发出语言信号(主要是句型)，表明语言信号所表达的意思，让学生把信号和它所表示的意思联系起来，即“听音会意”。
(2)模仿(imitati0n)阶段：让学生通过仿说一纠错一再仿说，同时记忆。
(3)重复(repetiti0n)阶段：让学生重现通过模仿已经记住的语言材料，作各种记忆性练习，一直到能正确理解和背诵为止。
(4)变换(variati0n)阶段：为了培养学生活用语言的能力，作各种不同的'变换句子结构的练习。如，替换(substituti0n)、转换(c0n—versi0n)、扩展(expansi0n)等操练活动。
（5)选择(s日ecti0n)阶段：让学生从已学的语言材料中选用某些词汇、成语和句型，描述特定的场面或事件。即综合运用，进一步培养学生把学过的语言材料运用于实践的能力。
2．听说法在商务英语教学中的重要性
商务英语教学与普通英语教学一样，包含听、说、读、写四步骤。在整个过程中，听说被放在了首位，由此可见听说的重要性。在大力倡导素质教育的今天，笔头能力的高低不能确切的说明英语知识掌握的多少，究竟听到了多少，能讲多少英语才是评定英语能力最重要的指标。而听说法或口语法是以掌握口语为目的的教学法体系。
其语言理论基础是结构主义语言学“语言是言语，不是文字”的理论，以口语为中心，以句型或结构为纲是听说教学法的主张。听说法把语言结构分析的研究成果运用到外语教学中，使教材的编写和教学过程的安排具有科学的依据。教材用会话形式表述，强调模仿、强记固定短语并大量重复，极其重视语音的正确，尤其强调语调训练，广泛利用对比法、并在教学中有针对性地加以解决。这对提高外语教学的效果，加速外语教学的过程无疑是非常重要的贡献和进步。
随着我国与世界各国的经济合作日益增强，懂英语、懂商务、会财会等的商务英语人才被社会所青睐，越来越多的院校先后开设商务英语课程。商务英语课程的建设与发展，也成了各院校极为关注的一个大问题。听说法是被探讨的重点课题之一。与以前传统的教学法相比，听说法具有明显的优势，学生可以依靠更简洁的形式、更有效的操练学习活商务语言。因此，听说法被引入商务英语教学．给商务英语教学注入了新的活力，在理论和实际两方面同时促进了商务英语教学法的发展。
I would like to express my gratitude to all those who helped me during the writing of this thesis.
My deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to Professor ******, my supervisor, for his constant encouragement and guidance. He has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Without his consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not have reached its present form.
Second, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Professor *******, who led me into the world of translation. I am also greatly indebted to the professors and teachers at the Department of English: ********who have instructed and helped me a lot in the past two years.
Last my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis.
First and foremost, I would like to extend my deeply sincere gratitude to my ,Professor Yan Jinglan, who has guided me to the world of InterculturalCommunication Studies and inspired me greatly in the study, and encouraged me to make abold attempt in writing this thesis. Her profound learning, inspiring inculcation and constantstrictness have stimulated my enthusiasm for working on the subject and thesis. Without herenlightened instruction and patient revision,it would be impossible for the accomplishment ofmy thesis.
I am also obliged to Professor Wang Zhiqin, Professor Yang Huimin and Professor ChenLi, who asked me enlightening questions during thesis proposal defense and inspired me toretrospect my study on discourse analysis. My special thanks are due to those teachers,Professor Shao Zhihong,Professor Yu Jianguo, and Professor Wang Jianguo,whose classeslead me to learn more about translation theories,linguistic corpus knowledge, which alsoenlighten my construction on the thesis. Besides, my gratitude also goes to all other teacherswho have offered me help in the School of Foreign Languages at East China University ofScience and Technology during my two and a half years study.
Finally,I am also deq?ly grateful to my family for their love,understanding andencouragement. It is the mental,spiritual and financial support from my parents to keep meinsisting on completing the thesis; especially I wish to dedicate this thesis to my dear motherwho contributed herself to my life and study through the past twenty-four years.
Good morning， Distinguished professors and teachers， ladies and gentlemen， thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) ： I am XX. First and foremost， I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor， professorXX， for his intellectual guidance， invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis. My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative， evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part， the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part， and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part. Thank you! (二) Good morning， all appraiser committee members. I am **** and my supervisor is ***. With her constant encouragement and guidance， I have finished my paper. Now， it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction. The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard， the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts， I select the subject of“On Transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.
My sincere gratitude firstly goes to my supervisor Associate Professor Xu whohas been providing me enlightening suggestions, careful proofreading and during the whole process of my thesis writing. Without his infinitesupport and illuminating guidance, I would never have been able to finish this thesis.
Moreover, his serious scholarship and academic practices, his conscientious andacademic attitude towards teaching and above all, his agreeable personality, haveinfluenced me immensely during the past three years, which also will be a life-longwealth for me.
Appreciation also goes to other professors and teachers in the School of ForeignStudies, CUMT, who have helped me in my postgraduate studies and enlightened meduring the past three years.
Besides, I feel deeply indebted to my parents and friends, who have helped mesubstantially through the tough process of thesis writing. My special thanks go to mybest friends whose great help and support have accompanied me all the way in thelong and rewarding experience of writing this thesis.
Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am **** and my supervisor is ***. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of“On Transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.
The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English. English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.
So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.
Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.
Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.
Part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.
Part three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.
Part four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.
Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
