一、毕业设计（论文）的基本要求
1．论文应采用国家正式公布实施的简化汉字和法定的计量单位。
2．论文中采用的术语、符号、代号必须统一，并符合规范化的要求。使用新的专业术语、缩略语、习惯用语等，应加以注释。国外新的专业术语、缩略语，必须在译文后用小括号注明原文。
3．论文一律用A4(210mm×297mm)大小的白纸双面打印并装订（左装订）成册。每一页面的左边距和上边距均为30mm，下边距和右边距（切口）均为20mm。页眉15mm，“潍坊学院本科毕业设计（论文）”宋体小五号字居中；页脚15mm，居中标注页码，宋体5号字。
4．论文中的图和附表应有对应的图题、表题及编号。
（1）图：由“图”和从1开始的阿拉伯数字组成，图的编号应与章号结合起来，例如，第一章第一幅图可为“图1、1”，第二幅图为“图1、2”；第二章第一幅图为“图2、1”，等等。只有一幅图时，仍应标注图号。图应有图题，置于图的编号之后，图的编号和图题应置于图下方居中的位置；
（2）表：由“表”和从1开始的阿拉伯数字组成，表的编号应与章号结合起来，例如，第一章第一个表可为“表1-1”，第二个表为“表1-2”；第二章第一个表为“表2-1”，等等。只有一个表时，仍应标注表的编号。表应有表题，置于表的编号之后，表的编号和表题应置于表上方的居中位置；
（3）公式：序号一律采用阿拉伯数字分章依序编排；如：“式（2-13）”、“式（4-5）”，其标注应于该公式所在行的最右侧。公式书写方式应在文中相应位置另起一行居中横排，对于较长的公式只可在符号处（+、-、*、/、≤≥等）转行。
5．论文的文档格式
（1）论文封面：题目用黑体二号字；姓名及单位用黑体三号字。
（2）目录：小4号宋体，1、5倍行距。
（3）中文摘要：小4号仿宋，单倍行距；“摘要”字体加粗，不另起一行。
英文摘要：小4号，TimesNewRoman字体，单倍行距；“ABSTRACT”字样加粗。
（4）关键词：小4号仿宋；“关键词”、“KEYWORDS”字样加粗。
（5）正文标题：均加粗，段前0、5行。一级（章）标题用3号宋体，二级（节）标题用小3号宋体，三级标题用4号宋体。
（6）正文：中文用小4号宋体，英文用TimesNewRoman体12号字，单倍行距；
（7）注释：5号宋体，行距15磅；
（8）参考文献：5号宋体，行距15磅；
（9）致谢：小4号宋体，单倍行距。
二、毕业设计（论文）各组成部分的要求
毕业设计（论文）包括论文封面、目录、中英文摘要、引言（或前言）、论文正文、结论、参考文献等主要组成部分，具体要求如下：
1、论文封面
一律采用统一格式要求的封面。封面内容须打印，论文题目为2号黑体，学院、专业、学号、姓名、指导教师等为3号黑体，日期为3号宋体和TimesNewRoman字体。
2、题目
题目应该用简短、明确的文字写成，通过标题把毕业设计（论文）的内容、专业特点概括出来。题目字数要适当，一般不宜超过20个字。如果有些细节必须放进标题，为避免冗长，可以将主标题与副标题分列，把细节放在副标题里。题目应避免使用非共知共用的缩略词、字符、代号等。
3、目录
目录页每行均由标题名称和页码组成，包括引言（或前言），章节、结论、参考文献、附录、致谢等序号。建议按章节题目自动生成目录。
4、摘要
摘要是对论文内容不加注释和评论的简明归纳，应包括研究工作的目的、方法和结论，重点是结果和结论。用语要规范，一般不用公式和非规范符号术语，不出现图、表、化学结构式等。采用第三人称撰写，一般在300字左右。英文题目和英文摘要应明确、简练，英文摘要内容与中文摘要相符合，一般为1200—1500字符。
5、关键词
关键词是为了满足文献标引或检索工作的需要而从论文中选出的用以表示全文主题内容信息的词或词组。每篇论文中应列出3～5个关键词，它们应能反映论文的主题内容。关键词作为论文的一个组成部分，列于摘要段之后。还应列出与中文对应的英文关键词（Keywords）。关键词之间用分号间隔。
6、引言（或前言）
引言又叫前言，其作用在于使读者对论文先有一个总体的了解。引言要写得自然，概括，简洁，确切。内容主要包括：研究的目的、范围和背景；理论依据、实验基础和研究方法；预期的结果及其地位、作用和意义等。
7、正文
1.开门见山，揭示主题
文章一开头，，就交待清楚文章的主题是什么。如“How I Spent My Vacation”(我怎样度假)的开头是：
I Spent my last vacation happily.
下面是题为“Honesty”(谈诚实)一文中的开头：
Honesty is one of the best honest man is always trusted and the contrary， one who tells lies is regarded as a “liar”，and is looked upon by honest people.
2.交代人物、事情、时间或环境开头
在文章的开头，先把人物、事件和环境交待清楚。例如“A Trip to Jinshan” (去金山旅游)的开头：
The day before yesterday my class went on a bus trip to Jinshan. The bus ride there took three hours. The long trip made us very tired， but the sight of the beautiful sea refreshed us.
3.回忆性的开头
用回忆的方法来开头。例如“A Trip to the Taishan Mountain”(泰山游)的开头是：
I remember my first trip to the Taishan Mountain as if it were yesterday.
4.概括性的开头
即对要在文章中叙述的'人或事先作一个概括性的介绍。如“The Happiness of Reading Books”(读书的快乐)的开头：
People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world. But I say that to read books is more valuable than anything else， because books give us knowledge and knowledge gives us power.
5.介绍环境式的开头
即开头利用自然景物或自然环境引出要介绍的事物。如“An Accident”(一场事故)的开头是：
It was a rainy and windy morning. The sky was gloomy， the temperature was low， and the street was nearly empty. I was on my way back to school. Suddenly， a speeding car came round the corner.
6.交待写作目的的开头。
在文章的一开头就交待写作目的，如通过文章要表扬谁，批评谁，或说明一个什么问题等。如 “Pollution Control” (控制污染)的开头：
In this article I shall draw your attention to the subject of pollution control.
毒鸡蛋的英语作文
The Chinese news agency Xinhua says the Peoples Daily newspaper have both carried reports suggesting that the addition of industrial chemical melamine to animal feed in China is an open secret. Quentin Sommerville reports from Beijing.
Animal feed in China is routinely contaminated with industrial chemical melamine， according to the countrys state media. Chemical firms have been repackaging scrapped melamine as protein powder and selling at home. When added to the feed， it gives the illusion of boosting nutritional levels. Chinas melamine scandal began in the dairy industry， 4 babies died and 20 thousand children were hospitalised after the chemical was added to milk. This week， the authorities in Hong Kong discovered melamine in 4 brands of Chinese produced eggs. Its believed they have got there because of contaminated animal feed.
护理学毕业论文格式一般由7部分组成，依次为：
(1)封面，
(2)中文摘要和关键词，
(3)英文摘要和关键词，
(4)目录，
(5)正文，
(6)参考文献，
(7)发表论文和参加科研情况说明。
护理学毕业论文格式各部分具体要求如下：
(1)封面(采用学校统一规定的封面)
(2)中文摘要和关键词
中文摘要应将学位论文的内容要点简短明了地表达出来，约300500字左右(限一页)，字体为宋体小四号。内容应包括工作目的、研究方法、成果和结论。要突出本论文的创新点，语言力求精炼。为了便于文献检索，应在本页下方另起一行注明论文的关键词(3-5个)。
(3)英文摘要和关键词
内容应与中文摘要相同。字体为timesnewroman小四号。
(4)目录
标题应简明扼要并标明页号。
(5)正文
毕业论文一般要求不少于8000字，内容一般包括：国内外研究现状、理论分析与讨论、研究成果、结论及展望。
(6)参考文献
Writing _Thank You_ letters and emails
书写感谢信和感谢邮件
Its polite to write a _thank you_ letter each time you receive a present. You can also write emails to thank people, but its still considered more _personal_ to write a short letter by hand.
每次收到礼物后写一封感谢信发送出去是很礼貌的。你也可以写邮件来感谢对方，但是亲手写一封简短的感谢信会更礼貌。
Layout and format
文章布局和格式
_Thank you_ letters can be quite short, and fill one or two sides of A5 paper (one side of A5 paper is half the size of a sheet of A4 or office paper). You can write your address in the top left hand corner of the paper, but you dont need to write the recipients address. You can also write the date under your address.
感谢信可以很短，一面或者两面A5纸就行(一面A5纸是一般A4办公用纸的一半)。你可以在纸张的左上角方向写下你的地址，但是不需要写收信人的地址。你也可以在你的地址下面写上日期。
You normally start the letter _Dear…_ followed by the name of the person you are writing to.
通常信件的开头“亲爱的…”放在你要写信的对方的称呼前面。
In the first paragraph (which can be short), you should thank the person for the gift and say something complimentary about it:
在第一段(可以很短)，你应该感谢送礼物的人，再说一些赞美的话：
_Thank you for the book tokens. Im looking forward to choosing a book with them._
“非常感谢这些书券，我正好在找这些东西。”
_Thank you for the wall calendar. It will be very useful to me this year!_
“非常感谢您送的挂历。今年对我很有用!”
_Thank you very much for the beautiful soaps. Im looking forward to relaxing in a hot bath!_
“非常感谢这些好看的肥皂。期待洗澡享受它!”
_Thank you very much for the lovely photo frame. It will look very nice on my chest of drawers._
“非常感谢这个可爱的相框。放抽屉柜上一定很美。”
_Thank you very much for the elegant scarf you sent me. Its exactly what I need for special occasions._
“非常感谢您送给我的这条优美的围巾。这正好在特殊场合使用上。”
In the second paragraph, you can give general news about how you spent the holiday period (or how you spent your birthday if you have received a birthday present). You could also show interest in the other persons holiday.
在第二段，你可以写写自己是如何度过假期的，(或者如果你收到生日礼物了，你是怎么过生日的`)。你也可以表现出对他人如何度假感兴趣。
_We had a very quiet and relaxing Christmas at home. The kids ate too many chocolates as usual, so now were all on a diet! I hope your Christmas was as good, and that you were able to relax for a few days._
“我们在家庆祝圣诞节，安静又美好。孩子们像平时一样吃了很多巧克力，所以现在我们都在节食!希望你们的圣诞节也一样愉快，你能好好的放松几天。”
In the third paragraph you can talk about more general family or personal news.
在第三段，你可以谈论一些家庭或个人消息。
In the final paragraph, you should thank the person again for their gift, and give your wishes for the New Year if applicable. (See below for useful phrases for ending the letter.)
在最后一段，你应该再次感谢送礼物的人，送出你对新年的祝福。(看下面可以用在信件结尾的一些有用的词组)
Useful phrases
有用的词组
You should start your letter with _Dear_ and follow it by the persons first name:
信件开头你应该用“亲爱的”，然后在后面加上收信人的名：
_Dear Tom_ or _Dear Uncle Bill_
“亲爱的汤姆”或“亲爱的比尔叔叔”
You can end your letter with any of these phrases:
在信件的结尾可以用下面的这些词组：
_With love (from)_, _With much love (from)_, _Lots of love (from)_ or _Love (from)_ followed by your name on the next line. The _from_ in these phrases is optional.
在名字的下面一行写上“来自于爱你的…”，断句里的“来自”都是可选的。
You normally end the letter with repeated thanks and wishes for the New Year:
通常在信件的结尾，要再次感谢和祝福新年快乐。
_Thank you again for my present._
“再次感谢您的礼物。”
_Thank you again for such a thoughtful gift._
“再次感谢您悉心准备的礼物。”
_Wishing you a happy New Year._
“祝您新年快乐。”
_With all my best wishes for a happy New Year._
“衷心祝愿新年快乐。”
_Wishing you all the best in 20xx._
“祝您20xx年一切都顺。”
An example thank you letter
感谢信样板
7, London Rd
伦敦7路
Manchester
曼彻斯特
31 December,
12月31号
Dear Uncle Bill
亲爱的比尔叔叔
Thank you very much for the French cookery book you gave me. The recipes look wonderful, and Ill certainly enjoy using it.
非常感谢您送给我的法式烹饪书。这本烹饪书太棒了，我非常喜欢用它。
I hope you and Auntie Susan had a good Christmas. We stayed at home, but had a couple of day trips out nearby. Our local theatre put on a production of _A Christmas Carol_, which was fun.
祝您和阿姨苏珊圣诞快乐。我们在家里，但是在周边旅游了几天。我们当地剧院上映了“圣诞卡罗尔”这部片子，很好玩。
I go back to University next week, and this year Im going to have to study hard for the final exams. Ive really enjoyed the course so far, but Im not sure what to do once I get my degree. The University arranges career interviews, but I dont really have a clear idea of what I want to do. Hopefully it will all become clearer during the course of the year.
我下周要返回学校了，今年我很努力的学习为期末考试做准备。目前我非常喜欢我的课程，但是不确定一旦拿到学位后该做什么。学校安排了职业面试，但是我真的没有一个清楚的想法，关于我想做什么。希望在课程期间，我的想法能越来越清晰。
Thank you again for the lovely present, and Happy New Year!
再次感谢您送的礼物，新年快乐!
With much love
Anna
一、写作指导
叙事类记叙文通常要将时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果等六个要素交代清楚。好的记叙文具有描述事件具体、人物逼真形象、故事生动感人、材料表现中心和写作主旨明确等特征。高考英语基础写作中的叙事类短文也需要具有记叙文写作的一般特点，但要求相对比较低，其考查重点在语言运用正确、句子连贯通顺、信息点表述完整等方面。写作时要注意以下几个方面的问题：
1、严格按照基础写作的要求完成各个信息点，不要为了文章的生动而随意添加信息。
2、信息点的表述不要完全按照题目所给的`顺序，要适当重组信息点。
3、记叙文写作的时态多数是用一般过去时，但也要注意灵活运用其它时态。
4、叙事类记叙文的话题通常和中学生的生活阅历有关，如校园生活、旅游、交通、交友等，平时要注意积累这些方面的词汇和短语。
二、常用语句
1.表达时间
A long time ago, at six o’clock in the morning, at the end of, at the weekend, before he came here, by the end of last term, during the summer holidays, in a few years’ time, in the past, in the old days, in the past ten years, in August 20XX, in winter vacation, in weekdays, last month, next week, on Sunday morning, on October 1st, since early in the 20th century, so far, up to now, not…until, while , etc.
2.表达地点
At the crossing, at the end of the street, at the airport, at the village, at the foot of the mountain, at the bottom, at the top of, be located in, behind the park, be situated in, five kilometers to the north of Guangzhou, in the south of Guangdong Province, in the middle of the park, in Class 3 Grade 2, in the front of the bus, in front of the bus, in the tree, in Guangdong, in China, lies to the west of Sichuan, on the other side of the street, on both sides of the road, on the east coast of the Pacific Ocean ,on the right, etc.
3.表达因果
As, as a result, because, because of, for, in the end, cause, result in, consequently, originate from, since, so, therefore, It is clear that… , It turns out to be… , The primary reason is … , etc.
4.事件话题
（1）学校生活及学习成绩
Be active in class, be interested in, be interesting to sb., be fond of, be good at , be poor at , be tired of one’s work, be weak in, do one’s homework, do sports after school, do well in; education for all-round development（素质教育），examination-oriented education system（应试教育），fail in the test, get a doctor’s degree, get on well with English, get an “A” in the exam, get 90 marks for English, give sb. a passing grade, have a good command of the language, have eight classes every day, help with each other, lay a good foundation in, learn…by heart, major in history, make friends with sb., make progress in, put one’s heart into, pass the examination, study in groups, succeed in doing sth., take an active part in the activity, take several courses at school, work out a problem, work on a maths problem , work hard at, etc.
（2）师生关系及其活动
Be friendly to sb., be kind to sb, be a strict teacher, be strict with one’s pupils, be strict in one’s work, be satisfied with , blame sb. for sth, correct the students’ homework carefully, devote all one’s time to work, form a good habit of, get on well with sb, give advice on, give sb a lot of work , help sb with sth , make one’s lessons lively and interesting, praise sb for sth., prepare for tomorrow’s lesson, question sb on, teach sb. English , teach sb how to do sth., etc.
