Upon the completion of the thesis, I would like to take this opportunity toexpress my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Professor Peng Xiaohua, who hasgiven me important guidance on the thesis. Without his help and encouragement,my thesis would have been impossible. Besides his help with my thesis,he hasalso given me much advice on the methods of doing research, which is of greatvalue to my future academic life.
I am also obliged to other teachers whose lectures have broadened my scopeof vision in British and American literature and help me lay a necessaryfoundation for the writing of the thesis. I am also grateful to all the members ofthe faculty and staff in the College of Foreign Languages who have provided mewith a lot of help and guidance.
Last but not least, I would like to express my gratitude to all the friends andfamily members who have offered me help. Without their help,I could not havefinished my study and this thesis.
The present work is the result of all joint efforts. So many people hada part in the making of this dissertation that it is hard to acknowledgethem all.
First of all, I would like to express my deep gratitude to Professor BaiJiehong, supervisor of my dissertation, for having continually stimulatedme with her methodological concerns and persistent guidan够 in bothrealms of studies and life during the lengthy period of my writing thework, for having helped me with so many practical problems, andparticularly for having stirred my interest in cognitive linguistics when Ibegan my work on graduate program under her supervision. wish tothank her sincerely for her tolerance and openness which nurtured myinterest in the present work. Now I consider it a great privilege to havegot the benefit of her professional guidance.
I would like to thank the College of Foreign Studies, Hunan NormalUniversity, for providing a stimulating academic environment and varioussupport which promote my growth here. Thanks to the professors at theEnglish Department for their share in shaping my view of the relationshipbetween language and cognition. I particularly appreciate my interactionwith Professor Huang Zhengding for his philosophical ideas,ProfessorLiao Guangrong for his open-mindedness and encouragement to my ideas,Professor Deng Yunhua for her inspiring comments to my questions, andProfessor Qin Yuxiang, for his nice grammar book which fanned myinterest in Cognitive Grammar and his discerning comments on my work.
Special thanks to Professor Jiang Hongxin, who broadened my visionthrough his course on classics. His eloquent talks made me feel as if Iwere a literary student, and I was inspired to read so much beyondlinguistics.
I am deeply grateful to the College of Foreign Studies as a whole foroffering me a warm home for my explorations. Without her support, Iwouldn't have got the opportunity to pursue my study at the ForeignLanguage Education and Research Center, Beijing Foreign StudiesUniversity; nor could I have won the scholarship from China ScholarshipCouncil, which enabled me to study at University of Oregon. My year ofapprenticeship at Beijing Foreign Studies University had a on my view of language and language studies. Special thanks toProfessor Chen Guohua, who as the supervisor of my visiting programallowed me a chance to go into the world of Case Grammar, an inspiringworld I still love to stay and explore. Warm thanks also to ProfessorWang Kefei, who spared his time to discuss my topic and gave me hisprofessional advice during my stay at Beijing.
I am greatly indebted to Professor Mark Johnson, who invited me toUniversity of Oregon for further studies. It was so nice an experienceattending his lectures. And it was he who first introduced me toneuroscience, and its relation to cognitive linguistics. His coherence inmultiple disciplines makes him a role model for researchers.
I want to say thank you to my best friends Zeng Yonghong, ChenMinzhe and Yang Quan for their persistent encouragement. Ours is aneverlasting world of friendship and brotherhood without which life wouldbe boring and monotonous, and also a lively forum for communicationsof questions and views, which, I believe, will always breed sm^pt answers.
Special thanks go to Professor Liu Zhengguang, Professer LiangXiaobo, and also Chen Yunjiang, who always give me insightfulcomments on my work, whether on public occasions or in private talks.
Great is my debt to my family. Warm thanks to my parents andparents-in-law for their consistent support and concern, and all kinds ofpractical help. Their generous help has accompanied me for so long, yet Ican only offer so little in return. To my wife I am most indebted for herlove and understanding, and her capability to manage all the matterswhen I feel helpless. She has the ability to put things in the right track.
Without her support, this work would simply not have been possible. I ammuch indebted to my son Max, who keeps asking me how soon I wouldcomplete the work, so that I could come back to a normal life full oflaughter, games and outdoor activities. His concern brings me warmencouragement and sweet joys when I feel frustrated at myself for mypoor performance in organizing both my life and study. Finally, I'd like tothank my brothers, whose frequent visits and calls remind me where Ibelong when I feel lonely.
At the very first, I am honored to express my deepest gratitude to my dedicated supervisor, Miss Wang Chao, with whose able guidance I could have worked out this thesis. She has offered me valuable ideas, suggestions and criticisms with her profound knowledge and rich research experience. Her patience and kindness are greatly appreciated. Besides, she always puts high priority on our dissertation writing and is willing to discuss with me anytime available. I have learnt from her a lot not only about dissertation writing, but also the professional ethics. I am very much obliged to her efforts of helping me complete the dissertation. I am also extremely grateful to Prof. Wei Xiaohong whose patient and meticulous guidance and invaluable suggestions are indispensable to the completion of this thesis.
Thanks are also due to my roommates, who never failed to give me great encouragement and suggestions. Special thanks should go to Miss Dong, Miss Ma, and Miss Wei for their brainstorming with me when I failed in coming up with ideas.
At last but not least, I would like to thank my family for their support all the way from the very beginning of my study. I am thankful to all my family members for their thoughtfulness and encouragement.
During the process of the completion of this tfiesis, I have received muchguidance, help and support from many people. Here I'd like to extend my sinceregratitude.
Firstly, I am greatly indebted to my supervisor Song Hongbo for his and valuable advice through the entire process from preparation toaccomplishment. Without his great patience and constant encouragement, theaccomplishment of this thesis wouldn't have been possible. I am also deeplyimpressed by his strong sense of responsibility and professional dedication, which hasnot only taught me how to do academic research but also set a good example for myfuture work.
Secondly, many thanks go to all the other teachers who have taught me duringmy postgraduate period. Their lively and enlightening lectures have enriched myknowledge in linguistics, academic writing, statistics, and translation and so on. Alsomy heartfelt thanks go to my friends and classmates, who offer me great support andhelp in data collection, thesis writing and so on.
Last but not the least, I'd like to give my special thanks to my beloved parents,my elder sister,my wife, and my newly born son Leo, who have always stood by meand brought me much joy.
I am greatly indebted to my supervisor, Professor Wang Shuting, for his valuable instructions and suggestions on my thesis as well as his careful reading of the manuscript.
I feel grateful to all the teachers in the College of Foreign Languages of China University of Petroleum who once offered me valuable courses and advice during my study. My sincere thanks are also given to Pro. Dai Ruiliang and Pro. Sun Chengrong. from whose lectures I benefited greatly.
Last but not least, I owe much to my friends and classmates for their valuable suggestions and critiques which are of help and importance in making the thesis a reality.
ABSTRACT
The material of the interpretation project is Apple's 2013 iPhone media event heldin Cupertino on September 11, 2013. First of all, the interpreter had a simulated E-Csimultaneous interpretation of the video (no subtitles) of the event. The audiences werefive non-English major Apple lovers. Then, based on Skopos Theory, the interpreteranalyzed difficulties of the interpreting process and wrote this report.
”Apple 5c 5s Event“ belongs to technology product event. It has the features ofprofessional terminology and mass information. The difficulties of the practice can bedescribed as two aspects, they are: (1) interpretation of electronics terminology; (2)identification and processing of redundancy.
According to Skopos Theory, translation is a purposeful communicative action,and the skopos determines the whole translation procedure. The skopos of this project isto offer up-to-date product information to audiences who don't understand English andthe interpretation should be faithful and concise.
Given the above difficulties, the following interpretation strategies can be adopted:(1) prediction according to the context and speculation according to common sense; (2)reduction of unimportant information and combination of repeated information.
This thesis would not have been possible without the support of the teacher orfriends around me. I would like to take this opportunity to extend my sincere gratitudeto the following people who have helped me during the thesis-writing.
I owe a deep debt of gratitude in the first stance to my supervisor. I benefit a lotfrom her guidance and valuable suggestions. Without her constant encouragement andinsightful guidance, I could not have finished this thesis. I feel deeply grateful andfortunate to be her student.
My heartfelt thanks also go to other teachers and professors for their conscientiousand illuminating suggestions given in Master-Degree proposal meeting.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my classmates and friends as well fortheir encouragements and supports during my preparation for this but not least,I want to thank my family for having provided me with a lovingenvironment and having given me unwavering support.
(Advantages and disadvantages of University expansion in receiving new students)
The advantage is that more students who want to continue their study after high school can fulfill their wish much easier than before. To some extent, this will improve the quality of young generation and benefiy the society when they turn up to be the masters.
The disadvantages is obvious that double or triple of graduates will flush the job market which directly decrease the salary scale due to the demand and supply theory. The increase number of student also affect the quality of teaching and result in downgrade of graduate academic ability.
Is the Expansion of Enrollment a Good Thing?
大学扩招好吗?
Many colleges and universities have expanded their enrollment since 1998. The reasons for the expansion are as follows. Firstly, they want to keep up with the need of the job market to produce more qualified people to take up the jobs. Secondly, the expansion has entitled many high school graduates to the right of receiving higher education. Last but not least, it can raise the intellectual standards of our nation.
从1998年起许多高校就开始扩招了，大学利弊英文。扩招的原因如下。首先，他们想培养更多的合格人才了跟上就业市场的需求。其次，扩招解决了许多高中毕业生接受高等教育权利的问题，作文素材《大学利弊英文》。最后但并非最不重要的，它可以提高我们国家的智力水平。
However, studies show that the trend to expand has brought about many problems. For instance, the teaching facilities and accommodation capacities of many colleges and universities are limited and are unable to meet the demand of an ever-increasing number of the newly enrolled students. On the other hand, the average quality of the freshmen is declining. In the long run, hunting for a job will be a tough thing for the graduates and that will inevitably exert much pressure on the prospects of employment.
然而，研究表明，有扩招的趋势带来了许多问题。例如，许多学院和大学的教学设施和住宿的能力是有限的，他们无法满足不断增加的新入学学生的需求。 另一方面，对新生的总体才能要求下降了。从长远来看，对于毕业生来说，找工作将是很困难的事情，将不可避免地会对就业前景造成很大压力。
In spite of all this, I am still confident that the expansion of enrollment is of great benefit to our society and is a good thing. With the development of our national economy, the problem as mentioned above will be solved if proper measures are taken.
尽管如此，我仍然相信，扩大招生规模对我们的社会是有利的，是一件好事。随着我国经济的发展，上述问题将采取适当的解决措施。
This thesis would not have been completed without much assistance,encouragement and support from many people. I want sincerely to avail thisopportunity to express my cordial thanks to those who have granted me during the process of thesis writing.
First and foremost, I extend my greatest gratitude to Professor Chai Gaiying, myadvisor and supervisor, for her insightfol guidance and earnest help. She advised meto think over the selection of subject, to carry out a series of relevant research, and tolaunch the pilot study about my research at a very early time; and during the processof writing, she spent a lot of time to guide me in a right direction and provided manyuseful suggestions. It is under her strenuous help that I could complete this thesis intime.
Moreover,my sincere thanks go to my teachers in the College of ForeignLanguages at Zhejiang Gongshang University. They provided me a wonderfullearning environment and I learned and grew up a lot for their tireless instructionswhich will definitely exert deep influence on my later life.
Besides, I express my gratitude to my friends and fellow classmates. They sharedtheir knowledge with me and helped me out when I was faced with any difficultiesabout the thesis. They tried their best to give me their precious suggestions during theprocess of writing the thesis.
Last but not least, I am deeply in debt to my beloved family for theirencouragement, understanding and endless love during my life. They created the bestenvironment for me to focus on the thesis writing during the summer holiday,and allthis could not be possible without their selfless sacrifice and insistent support.
I would like express my gratitude to all those who offer great help for my thesis.
First and foremost, my deepest gratitude goes to my supervisor Professor YuMuhong, for his father-like encouragement and guidance. He provided me withabundant suggestions and priceless criticisms for my writing of the thesis. But for hisconstant patient guidance and enlightenment, the thesis would have become a missionimpossible.
My sincere thanks also go to the teachers from the School of Foreign Languages ofZhejiang University of Finance and Economics, who jointly led me into the holy templeof academic field. Here, I want to send my gratefulness to those respected teachers likeProf. Wang Baorong, Prof. Li Changbao, Prof. Chen Xianghong, Prof. Shao Youxue,Prof. Teng Chao, Prof. Cen Qunxia etc. Thank you for your being with me and beingthe witnesses for the birth, growth and perfection of my thesis.
I feel indebted to my parents, without their mental and material support, I couldbarely finish the thesis on time.
Finally, my thanks should be sent to all my classmates, for their endless supportand warm hearts, making me feel like living in a united big family.
